Comparisons between al-Ġazālī and Ibn Rušd in the Late Ottoman Period, 2017
By: M. Sait Özervarli
Title Comparisons between al-Ġazālī and Ibn Rušd in the Late Ottoman Period
Type Article
Language English
Date 2017
Journal Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph
Volume 67
Categories al-Ġazālī, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) M. Sait Özervarli
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Greek essence and Islamic Tolerance : Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rush’d, 2011
By: Michael Sweeney
Title Greek essence and Islamic Tolerance : Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rush’d
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal The Review of Metaphysics
Volume 65
Issue 1
Pages 41–61
Categories al-Fārābī, al-Ġazālī, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Michael Sweeney
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The philosophical affirmation of essence by Al-Farabi (his preferred position) and Ibn Rush'd allows for toleration of rehgion as an inferior but necessary way of life for most human beings. Since both AlFarabi's democracy and his political regime based on essence achieve varying degrees of tolerance by subordinating rehgion, the choice is between tolerance and the superiority of rehgion; that is, all agree that it is not possible to reconcile the supremacy of religion with a broad political tolerance. According to Al-Farabi, the question of tolerance, like the questions of politics in general, centers on the natural differences among human beings in their ability to grasp essence.

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Autori Arabi e Giudei nell'opera di San Tommaso, 1960
By: C. Vansteenkiste
Title Autori Arabi e Giudei nell'opera di San Tommaso
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 1960
Journal Angelicum
Volume 37
Issue 3/4
Pages 336-401
Categories Aquinas, Tradition and Reception, al-Ġazālī, Avicenna, Ibn Bāǧǧa
Author(s) C. Vansteenkiste
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Autori Arabi e Giudei nell'opera di San Tommaso, 1960
By: C. Vansteenkiste
Title Autori Arabi e Giudei nell'opera di San Tommaso
Type Article
Language Italian
Date 1960
Journal Angelicum
Volume 37
Issue 3/4
Pages 336-401
Categories Aquinas, Tradition and Reception, al-Ġazālī, Avicenna, Ibn Bāǧǧa
Author(s) C. Vansteenkiste
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Comparisons between al-Ġazālī and Ibn Rušd in the Late Ottoman Period, 2017
By: M. Sait Özervarli
Title Comparisons between al-Ġazālī and Ibn Rušd in the Late Ottoman Period
Type Article
Language English
Date 2017
Journal Mélanges de l’Université Saint-Joseph
Volume 67
Categories al-Ġazālī, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) M. Sait Özervarli
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)

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Greek essence and Islamic Tolerance : Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rush’d, 2011
By: Michael Sweeney
Title Greek essence and Islamic Tolerance : Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Rush’d
Type Article
Language English
Date 2011
Journal The Review of Metaphysics
Volume 65
Issue 1
Pages 41–61
Categories al-Fārābī, al-Ġazālī, Tradition and Reception
Author(s) Michael Sweeney
Publisher(s)
Translator(s)
The philosophical affirmation of essence by Al-Farabi (his preferred position) and Ibn Rush'd allows for toleration of rehgion as an inferior but necessary way of life for most human beings. Since both AlFarabi's democracy and his political regime based on essence achieve varying degrees of tolerance by subordinating rehgion, the choice is between tolerance and the superiority of rehgion; that is, all agree that it is not possible to reconcile the supremacy of religion with a broad political tolerance. According to Al-Farabi, the question of tolerance, like the questions of politics in general, centers on the natural differences among human beings in their ability to grasp essence.

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